Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive Psychology Memory- Models and Processes Cognitive psychology explores how people perceive, think, and remember. In the context of memory, there are several models and processes that explain how information is encoded, stored, and retrieved. Let's break it down: Memory Models Atkinson-Shiffrin Multi-Store Model (1968)   This model suggests that memory consists of three distinct stores: Sensory Memory : Very short-lived, holds sensory information for a fraction of a second (iconic for visual, echoic for auditory). Short-Term Memory (STM) : Holds information for a brief period (about 15-30 seconds) and has a limited capacity (about 7 items, ± 2). Information can be lost through decay or displacement. Long-Term Memory (LTM) : Information that is rehearsed or deeply processed can be transferred to long-term storage, where it can remain indefinitely. LTM has a seemingly unlimited capacity. Criticism: It oversimplifies memory by assuming linear flow, and later models (like the working memory model) added complexity. Baddeley and Hitch’s Working Memory Model (1974)   An extension and modification of the STM concept. It posits that working memory is not a single store but a system with several components: Central Executive : Directs attention and resources to different tasks. Phonological Loop : Handles verbal

Updated July 15, 2026